(Aristotle's definition of tragedy and dryden's definition of play)

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      Here's the blog is made on the task of Barad Sir, see like a website to more information. 

So, The Question is Discuss any different you observe between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play. 

🔷Aristotle's Tragedy vs. Dryden's play: A comparative analysis. 

🔷Introduction: 

       Aristotle and John Dryden Influential literary critics, offered distinct perspective on the nature of drama m, while Aristotle focused on tragic form, Dryden provided a more general definition of plays, their defines through related, exhibit significant difference In  their emphasize and scope. 

⚫ARISTOTLE'S TRAGEDY:

This a plot structure of play. Aristotle tragedy in his poetics defined tragedy as " The imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself, in appearance and pleasure language... In a dramatic form, not of narrative with incidents using pity and fear, where with to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions. "

⚫Key Elements of Aristotle's definition includes:

1 - Imitation: tragedy is a representation of human action. 

2- Seriousness: The plot is a of certain scale or importance 

3- Completeness: the story has a clear beginning, middle and end. 

4-Magnitude: The action should be of sufficient importance and complexity to engage the audience.

5- Catharsis: Tragedy aims to evoke emotions of pity and fear, ultimately purging the audience of these emotions through a cathartic experience.

🔷Dryden's Play

Dryden, writing in a later era, offered a broader definition of play, emphasizing its ability to entertain and instruct: "A just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions, humors, and the changes of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind."

It then discusses Dryden's definition of play as a just and lively representation of human nature and the changes in people's fortunes that delights and ...

 🔹Key aspects of his definition include:

 1- Human nature: Plays should reflect the complexities and foibles of human nature.

 2- Passions and humors: The portrayal of characters' emotions and quirks is essential.

 3- Changes of fortune: The plot should involve significant shifts in circumstances, such as reversals or recognitions.

4- Delight and instruction: Plays should both entertain and teach the audience valuable lessons about life.

🔷Key Differences

While both Aristotle and Dryden recognized the importance of imitation and the role of emotions in drama, their definitions differed in several key respects:

🔸Focus: Aristotle emphasized the serious and elevated nature of tragedy, while Dryden adopted a broader view of play, encompassing a wider range of genres and subject matter.

🔸Purpose: Aristotle saw tragedy as a means of achieving catharsis, while Dryden focused on the dual purposes of delight and instruction.

🔸Character: Aristotle stressed the importance of noble and tragic characters, while Dryden recognized the value of a wider range of characters, including both heroic and comic figures. 

🔷Conclusion: while Aristotle and Dryden shared a common ground in their understanding of drama as a form of imitation, their definitions of tragedy and play reflected the different cultural and literary contexts in which they operated. Aristotle's more narrowly focused definition emphasized the cathartic power of tragedy, while Dryden's broader perspective highlighted the potential for drama to both entertain and education..... 

🔷Reference: The details which some take on google website and Gemini ai. 

https://www.britannica.com/art/tragedy-literature/Theory-of-tragedy

https://wikieducator.org/Dryden_Dramatic_Poesy

Thank you 😊

Impact of Supernatural Elements of Macbeth By William Shakespeare.

Welcome to my blog post, In this blog we can see the Macbeth's use of Supernatural elements their character are very symbolizes the evil and eerie atmosphere and haunting effect, we can in detail first here some basic information on Shakespeare. 

This is a blog made by me on task of Thinking Activity Gave by Barad Sir, WORKSHEET-MOVIE SCREENING PLAY OF MACBETH.... Here's the click for more information about the play, 

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🔷Introduction 

    'WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'

            William Shakespeare was a known as the 'FATHER OF ENGLISH DRAMA' who write 39 plays, 154 sonnets and Two long narrative poetry. His contribution of literature is well acknowledge that writing style and concept of Imaginative collection. 

◼️His Life :-

     Born - He was born on 23rd, April, 1564 in Stratford Upon avon in England. 

                He was an English novelist, poet, and dramatist. He known as the "BARD OF AVON" Because his ideology that great art in literature. 

        William's father was a John Shakespeare and his mother Mary arden, in 1585 he married to Anne Hathaway and they had three children. 

◼️Education:-

    

            William as the son of  a leading Stratford citizens, almost certainly Attend the Stratford's grammar school. He later start writing in 15 years old and made his great life in the English literature. 

◼️His Notable works:-

            Shakespeare write many comedy, tragedy and other writing in literature like poem, fiction and criticism essay here's some works of William, 

    

      1] " JULIUS CAESAR "

      2] " MACBETH "

      3] "ROMEO AND JULIET"

      4] " KING LEAR"

      5] " SONNET-116"

◼️His Death:-

   

      He died on 26th, April, 1616 in Stratford upon avon in England. 

Stratford upon avon in England.... 

So, now we are going on discuss about the what's impact of the supernatural elements in Macbeth in details. 

🔷The Supernatural Element of Macbeth :

        In Macbeth the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action. An impact of many key senses. 

       The supernatural appears to the audience In many varied forms - not only does a ghost appear but also a floating dagger, Witches and Prophecies apparitions make appearance 

      Shakespeare's contemporaries believes in the supernatural very strongly And a majority of them were frightened it, including the king of that time king James I. 

      *[THE WITCHES]*

   

    In literature, the inclusion of supernatural elements like witches and prophecies often serve to amplify themes, heighten tension, and drive plot in significant ways. Let's explore those elements function, using will Shakespeare ' Macbeth ' as a primary example:

The picture of supernatural elements of prophecies

Here's some point of supernatural elements in what impact of tragedy Macbeth in below all details and some video script of play Macbeth. 

1) Foreshadowing and plot Development:

🔹Witches Prophecies :- In Macbeth the witches prophecies are crucial for foreshadowing the event of the play. They predict Macbeth's rise to power and his eventual downfall, which creates a scene of Invetiablity and tension. The prophecies set  the stage for Macbeth's ambition and subsequent actions, directing the plot forward. 

2) Character motivation and psychological conflict:

🔹Ambition and guilt:- The witches predictions ignite Macbeth's ambition and his wife's corresponding ambition. Leading them the supernatural elements play a significant role in Rellealing the characters internal conflict and driving their moral descent. Macbeth's paranoia and guilt are heightened by the supernatural elements such as the ghost of banquo and his hallucinations. 

[Ghost of Banquo]

3) Symbolic Function :

🔹Symbolism:- The witches themselves symbolize CHAOS AND THE UNKNOWN their eryptic long. And appearance create a sense of uncertainty and ambiguity. Reinforce the themes of equivocation and unpredictability of fate. 

4) Impact on other characters:

🔹Influence on other characters :- The supernatural elements also effect other characters in the play. For instance, Banquo's reaction to the witches prophecies reveals his own faer and ambitions while his subsequent murder serves to fulfill and distort the witches predictions, depending the play's explorations of prophecy and it's Consequences.

🔷Conclusion:

     

     Overall, supernatural elements like witches and prophecies are powerful tools in literature. They not only supernatural to propel the narrative but also deepen the exploration of theme such as fate, ambition and moral order. 

🔷Reference:

      

https://www.ipl.org/essay/How-Does-The-Supernatural-Influence-Macbeth-F3T9A7BEN8VV

https://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/macbeth/quotes/character/the-three-witches/#:~:text=After%20the%20Witches%20prophesize%20that,but%20his%20descendants%20will%20be.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare

What is Poetic Diction by William Wordsworth

 Hello, first of all welcome to my blog post, here's we can see the most famous work Lyrical ballad by Wordsworth but, We here we can see and get the question's answer is, 

⚫ What is poetic diction and what type of poetic diction and dose Wordsworth suggest in his work? 

🔷Introduction :

             Poetic diction refers to the language and style used in poetry which on differ from everyday speech. It encompasses the choice of words, phrasing and grammatical structures the poets use to create a specific font, method or effect in their work. Poetic diction can very widely depending on the poets intention and the era in which they are writing. First here information we can see of Wordsworth's life like family education and career in below. 

🔷William Wordsworth : (1770-1850)

        He was an English Romantic poet, who with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the romantic age in English literature with their going publication LYRICAL BALLAD (1798) . 

🔸 Born : William was born on 7th, April, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland, England. His family background was a good his sister is Dorothy Wordsworth and later he married to the Mary Hutchinson in 1802.

      Wordsworth was poet laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 rd, April, 1850.

🔸 Family & Education :

* Family :-

      The Second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was best known for his lyrical ballad. Wordsworth's father was a legal representative of James lowther, its ear of Lonsdale and through his connections, lived in a large mansion in the small town. 

     However, he did encourage William in his reading, and in particular. Set him to commit large portions of verse to memory, including works by MILTON, SHAKESPEARE & SPENSER which William would pore over in his father's library. 

*  Education :-

         William was thought to read by his mother and he first attend a tiny school of law quality in Cockermouth, then a school in Penrith for the hil of upper-class families. 

🔸 Early Career :

     The year 1793 saw the first publication of poems by Wordsworth in the collections "An Evening Walk" And " Descriptive Sketches ".  in 1795, he received a legacy of £900 from Raisley Calvert and was able to pursue a career as a poet. 

          Wordsworth write many collections that along with Coleridge's - 

1> " THE RIME OF ANCIENT MARINER "

2>" TINTERN ABBEY "

3> "THE LYRICAL BALLAD"

4> "WE ARE SEVEN"

5>" THE PRELUDE "

   So, the lyrical ballad he write as ' Really used by men' we can see it In details and what is poetic diction first. 

🔸what is poetic diction? 

 ➡️       William Wordsworth defines poetic diction as a language of common men. It is not the language of the poet as a class but the language of mankind, it's the simple experience of pre passions by men living close to mature. The poetic page a language is the natural language... 

🔷Lyrical ballad:

          This is a collection of poems by Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge first published in 1798,and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English poem. Move in literature, the immediate effect on critics was modest, but it became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature and poetry. The 1800 Edition is famous for the preface to the lyrical ballads, something that has come to be knowns as the menifesto of romanticism. 

      Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth with Coleridge. Contributing only four poems to the Coleridge, including one of the his most notable works, 'THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER'. 

🔸Content: 

    This two major poets emphasize the vitality of the living voice used by the poor to express their reality. Even the title of the Coleridge recalls rustic forms of art-the word 'lyrical' links the poems with the ancient rustic lends on air of spontaneity, 'Ballad' are on moral mode of storytelling used by the common people. 

🔸His Death: 

William Wordsworth died at home at Royal mount from an aggravated case of pleurisy, on 23rd, April, 1850 and he buried at St'oswalds church, Grasmere. 

 So, now we turn on our question is what is poetic diction and what type of poetic diction in point. 

* William Wordsworth in his preface to lyrical ballads 1800 offers specific views on poetic diction here's the some key point he suggest like, 

[1] Language of Common People:

        Wordsworth advocates for using the language of ordinary people, rather than the elevated or archaic long. Often used in poetry at the everyday speech to be more authentic and accessible 

[2] Simplicity and Naturalness:

           He emphasize the important of simplicity and naturalness in poetic diction, Wordsworth argues that poetry should reflect genuine emotions and experiences using straightforward language, rather than ornate of artificial experiences. 

[3] Avoidance of Artificial language:

         Wordsworth criticizes the use of artificial or every elaborate language. That can distance the reader from the true meaning and feeling of the poem. He suggests that poets should avoid such contrived diction in favor of more direct and heartfelt expression. 

[4] Emotional Authenticity:

      He believes that the language of poetry should convey sincere emotions and experiences. This means that poets should use language that reflects their true feelings and thoughts. 

[5] Everyday speech in rural setting:

           Wordsworth specifically champions the language of rural people, whom he seem as having a more genuine and unspoiled way of expressing themselves.

🔷Conclusion:

           Overall, Wordsworth's approach to poetic diction reflects his broader romantic ideals, emphasizing a return to simplicity, nature, and emotional honesty in poetry. 

🔷Reference:

         Here's this all information on wordsworth's preface to lyrical ballad and what is poetic diction that all details take by some website on Wikipedia and chatgpt. 

👇      https://www.scribd.com/document/464843767/Wordsworth-Theory-of-Poetic-Diction-Poets-Poetry

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374166117_William_Wordsworth's

Thank you. ☺

William Gregory and William Beckford - Romantic Age

Hello, I'm Divya, welcome to my blog post. In this Blog I put some major details about the "WILLIAM GREGORY AND WILLIAM BECKFORD" How they become notable writers in romantic age so, let's go and see in details. 

         First of all we see here the content wise like beyond introduction, then about what life, education and what the contribution of William gregory and William Beckford in romantic age... 

🔷 Introduction :

                   In Romantic Age when the time of modifications in Literature there are many writers they gave own view on literally writing but here's the two writers William gregory and William Beckford are both known for their writing in romantic age. We'll see in many point. They were both prominent figure in their respective fields. Though they lived in different areas of expertise. In below details of William gregory.

❇️ WILLIAM GREGORY : [1803-1858]

➡️      He was a Scottish physician, chemist, and writer who made notable contribution to science and medicine in 19th century. Here's information about his life, career and works. 

 

• Early Life & Education:

↪️     Born :- William gregory was born on 23rd, December, 1803 in Edinburgh, Scotland. 

       Family Background :-  He was son of a Successful merchant. Which provided him with the financial support Necessary for his education and professional pursuit. 

          Education :- Early Education gregory attend the Royal high school in Edinburgh. Where he received a solid grounding in classic studies. Medical Training - he attend the university of Edinburgh to study medicine in 1820.

• Career & Contribution:

* Medical and Scientific works:

1> Early Career - After Completing his medical degree, gregory began practice as a physician. 

* Major Publication:

➡️       "Outline of chemistry" - 1835

 

➡️       "Chemical history of a candle" - 1854

➡️      "Experiments and Observation on the                                           properties of the acides" - 1824

* Teaching and Public Engagement:

🔸Lecture and Education:- Gregory was a respected teacher and educator.His ability to communicate complex scientific ideas clearly made him a popular educator. 

🔸      Royal Society of Edinburgh :- He was a number of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Contributing to the scientific community through his research and participation in scientific discourse. 

•  Legacy :

      

   🔸Scientific Influence :- Impact of chemistry and medicine gregory's work had a lasting impact on both chemistry & medical science. His research helped to advance the understanding of gases and their effects on the human body. 

• Contribution of gregory in romantic age :

↪️       William gregory is best known for his contribution to chemistry and medicine. Particularly through his influential writer. Here are some famous works this are suggest how that time going with a new society and modifications. major works like, 

[1]  "Outline of chemistry" : (1835) 

* Content :-  This book is one of gregory's most significant contribution to the field of chemistry provided a comprehensive overview of chemistry principles and theories. 

* Significance :-  The work was praised for its clarity and accessibility, marking complex chemical concepts understandable for a broader audience. It became a gregory's ability to communicate scientific ideas effectively. 

[2] "outline of chemistry for beginners" :(1850) 

*  Content : This work was aimed at introducing basic chemical concepts to beginners, it simplified the subject matter to make it more Approachable for those now to the field. 

*   Significance : This book exemplifies gregory's commitment to education and his belief in making science accessible to a wider audience. It played a role in Popularizing chemistry and encouraging intrest in the subject. 

[3] "Experiment and Observation on the properties of the               acids "-(1824) 

* Content : This earlier work by gregory deal with the chemical properties of acids. Presenting experimental finding and observation. 

* Significance : The research provided valuable in sights into acid chemistry and was for of gregory's broader contribution to the field. 

•  Additional Contribution :

* Scientific Papers :- Gregory published numerous Scientific Papers on chemistry & medicine. Which contributed to the advancement of these fildes. His research was influential in shaping contemporary understanding of chemical processes and respiratory Physiology.

 

•  Death of Gregory :

↪️  Death :- William gregory was died on 24th, April, 1858 aged 54 in Edinburgh, at his home on princes street, he buried in Canongate, Kirkyard on the Royal Mile. Here's we see the picture of where buried gregory. 

➡️➡️➡️  So, after see information about gregory now we turn on the information about William Beckford look all details. 

❇️WILLIAM THOMAS BECKFORD : [ 1760-1844]

➡️     He was an English writer, Politician and he collector known for his extravagant lifestyle and significant contributions to literature, arts during the romantic age. Here's details look at the his life, career and what he do in romantic time period. 

• Early life & Background

↪️      Born :- William Thomas Beckford was born on October, 1st, 1760 in London, England. 

   

    Family Wealth :- He was the son of William Beckford, a wealthy merchant and Lord mayor of London, and his wife, Margaret. The family's substantial fortune provide Beckford with considerable financial resources throughout his life. 

• Education :

🔹Early Education :- Beckford was educated at home and briefly a private school in London. 

🔹University :- He attend the university of Edinburgh. From 1773 to 1774, where he studied a range of subject including law & history. However he didn't complete a degree. 

• Artistic and Architectural Achievements:

1>FONTHILL ABBEY

➡️ Construction :- Beckford commissioned the construction of fonthill Abbey. A grand and gothic style house in Wiltshire, England, which was completed in the early 19th century. The Abbey was renowned for its ambitious and elaborate design.....

'Fonthill Abbey'

2> Art Collection :

➡️     Extensive collection :- Beckford was a passionate art collector, amassing a significant collection of art, books and manuscripts. His collection included work by major artists and illuminated manuscripts. 

• Contribution of Beckford in Romantic Age :

↪️         William Thomas Beckford renowned for his contribution in literature and the arts, he best known for his exotic and imaginative novel. Here's some work of Beckford like, 

[1] "Vathek" - (1786) 

* Content : Vathek is a Beckford's most celebrated work, a gothic novel infused with Orientalist themes. The story follows the ambitious caliph vathek, who embarks on a quest for supernatural knowledge and power. 

* Significance : 'Vathek' is notable for its rich elaborate style and its innovative blend of gothic and Oriental themes. If reflects Beckford's fascination with the exotic and the mysterious, influencing later romantic and gothic literature. 

Click here

↗️      This a website for understand whole novel so get the link for some new learning about Beckford's novel 'Vathek'. 

[2] "An Account of the remains of the Antiquities of the city of Palmyra" - (1816) 

* Content : This work is a detailed account of the ancient city of Palmyra based on Beckford's travels and studies. It includes descriptions of the archaeological remains and insights into the historical significance of the city. 

* Significance : The Publication demonstrates Beckford's intrest in archaeology and history it contributed to the knowledge of ancient Palmyra and reflects his broader engagement with classic and historical studies. 

[3] "Fonthill Abbey" - (1822) 

* Content : While not a literary work, because this architectural masterpiece. Fonthill Abbey, was closely associated with his creative outfit. It was a grand gothic revival building that showcased Beckford's architectural tastes and eccentricities. 

* Significance : Fonthill Abbey was renowned for its elaborate design and the dramatic scale of it's construction, as we looked up in picture. 

• His Death :

➡️     William Beckford was died on 2nd, May, 1844 in Bath Somerset, United Kingdom. He buried in bath Abbey cemetery in 1844 but, at the instigation of one of his daughter, lady Hamilton the tomb was transported to the neway - created Lansdown Cemetery. 

🔷  Conclusion :

               Throughout, the same thing between their contribution o  literature, like William gregory add his own thoughts and majority contributions of scientific method. When Beckford was given his great modifications on construction in romantic age, so all details based on romantic age time period is 1798-1830 in that period like Beckford and gregory, are other many writers who gave their own views on like literature, painting, architecture and scientific research etc... 

🔷 Reference :

               This all details borrow on chatgpt, Google's website and YouTube. Some picture of author is put on google so all about the gregory and Beckford. 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gregory_(chemist)

https://www.kent.ac.uk/ewto/projects/anthology/william-thomas-beckford.html#:~:text=As%20an%20author%2C%20Beckford%20is,writers%20of%2019th%20century%20Romanticism.

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HELLO !!! , I'm Divya welcome to my blog post and I'll discuss with you topic is THE TRIAL OF SOCRATES (PLATO'S APPLOGY). So, here we will first see how and why apologize plato... First of all look the details of Socrates. 

'SOCRATES AS A GREEK PHILOSOPHER'

*HIS LIFE:

➡️      Socrates was a Greek Philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of the [WESTERN PHILOSOPHY]. and as among the first moral philosopher of the Ethical traditions of thought. 

• BORN - He born in B. C. E. 469 In Deme Alopece, Athens. 
• DEATH - He died in B. C. 399 in Athens. 
• HIS NOTABLE IDEAS - 1.Social Dialogue, 2.Socratic Irony, 3.Socratic Dialogue, 4.Socratic Intellectualism, 5. Socratic Questioning : "The Unexamined Life is not worth living"

      

      So, here details about the Plato's apology presents a detailed account of Socrates trial in 399 BCE. where Socrates defendes himself against charges of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. Here's structured overview of key points covered in dialogue. 

1> INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND:

• Charges:

➡️      Socrates Faces accusations of not believing in the gods of the city and corrupting youth. 

• Socrates Defense:

➡️       He addresses the JURY to refute these charges and to explain his philosophy and actions. 

2> DEFENSE AGAINST THE ACCUSATIONS OF IMPIETY:

• Socrates's Religious Beliefs:

➡️       Socrates argues that he believes in divine entities, though they might differ from the traditional gods of Athens. He asserts that his belief In a Divine guiding force (Daimonion) is evidence of his piety. 

• Role of the Oracle at Delphi:

➡️       Socrates recounts the Oracle's proclamation that he is the Oracle's man, which leads him to questioning others and Reveal their lack of true wisdom. This pursuit of Knowledge is presented as part of his divine mission. 

3> DEFENSE AGAINST THE ACCUSATION OF CORRUPTING YOUTH:

• Influence on the youth:

➡️        Socrates argues that he never intentionally corrupted anyone and that if he did, it was unintentional. He points out that he has never been paid for his teaching, contrasting with sophists who charged for their services. 

• Virtue and Knowledge:

➡️        Socrates posits that is a form of knowledge and that he aims to help people recognize their own ignorance thus, improving their moral character. 

4> SOCRATES PHILOSOPHY AND MISSON:

• Philosophic Inquiry:

➡️       Socrates explains that his philosophy practice involves questioning and Dialogue, which he believes is beneficial to society. 

5> REFUTATION OF SPECIFIC ACCUSATION:

• Personal Integrity:

➡️      He stresses his personal interigity and honesty emphasizing that he has never been motivated by material gain or pre:ambition.

6> INFLUENCE AND LEGACY:

• Plato & Xenophon: 

➡️       Much of what we know about Socrates comes from his students, particularly plato & Xenophon. Plato's Dialogue such as "the apology" And "Crito" And also "Phaedo" Provides detailed accounts of Socrates. 

➡️     This a Plato's apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, youth of Athens.... 

7> CONCLUSION:

➡️       After being found guilty, Socrates purposes alternative Peralimits to the death sentence, including a reward for his service to the state and this all details about Plato's apology on trial of Socrates. 

8> REFERENCE:

➡️      Throughout, this all details take on the Google's website and chatgpt. 

https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/apology/summary/#:~:text=Plato's%20The%20Apology%20is%20an,modern%20understanding%20of%20the%20word.